Free time and demurrage
Shipping lines allow a number of free days, known as free time, to collect a container and return it empty. After that, they charge demurrage, usually per day and per container.
Storage charges may also apply: they depend on how long the goods stay at the terminal.
What causes delays
Most often, the cause is paperwork: a missing document, an invoice that does not match the bill of lading, no BSC, or a declaration filed late. Every day spent correcting the file is one less day of free time.
Good habits
Check the number of free days when you book, and negotiate it if your cargo justifies it. Submit your file as soon as the goods are shipped, without waiting for the vessel to arrive. Finally, plan the return of the empty container as soon as it is delivered: the clock only stops once it is returned.